IPC Section 325 — Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt

What does this section state?

This section punishes voluntarily causing "grievous hurt" as specifically defined under Section 320 — a closed list that includes emasculation, permanent loss of sight or hearing, loss of a limb, permanent disfigurement of the face, fracture or dislocation of a bone, or any injury that endangers life or causes severe bodily pain for twenty days. It is a significant step up from simple hurt under Section 323, both in the nature of injury and in the seriousness with which courts treat it.

A broken arm from an assault, a deep wound requiring surgery, or an injury causing permanent disfigurement would typically be charged here rather than under Section 323. Because of the severity involved, this offence is non-bailable, though it remains compoundable with the court's permission, allowing for settlement in appropriate cases.

Where the grievous hurt is caused using a dangerous weapon such as a knife, firearm, or acid, the more serious Section 326 applies instead, carrying a heavier punishment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is IPC Section 325 bailable?

This is a non bailable offence. Bail is not a matter of right and must be argued before a Magistrate or Sessions Court, typically with the help of a criminal lawyer.

What is the punishment under this section?

Imprisonment up to 7 years, and fine. Courts have discretion based on the facts of each case, and the actual outcome can vary.

Can a case under this section be compounded (settled)?

Yes, but only with the permission of the court. The parties can reach a settlement, which the court must then approve before the case is closed.

What exactly qualifies as "grievous" hurt under Section 320?

Section 320 lists specific categories — emasculation, permanent loss of sight, hearing, or a limb, permanent facial disfigurement, fracture or dislocation of a bone, or any hurt that endangers life or disables the victim for twenty days or more. Anything outside this list falls under ordinary hurt instead.

Does a weapon need to be involved for this section to apply?

No — Section 325 covers grievous hurt caused by any means, including bare-handed assault. Where a dangerous weapon like a knife or firearm is used to cause grievous hurt, the more serious Section 326 applies instead.

How is compounding with court permission different from ordinary compounding?

For offences compoundable "with permission," the parties can still reach a private settlement, but the court must review and approve it before the case is closed — unlike Section 323, where the parties can settle without needing the court’s sign-off.